Here is an excerpt from an article written byBenjamin Laker and Yelena Kalyuzhnova for MIT Sloan Management Review. To read the complete article, check out others, sign up for email alerts, and obtain subscription information, please click here.
Illustration Credit:Carolyn Geason-Beissel/MIT SMR | Getty Images
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Skillful leaders don’t push their teams to bounce back faster. They create systems where bouncing back isn’t constantly required.
Resilience has become one of the most overused words in management. Leaders praise teams for “pushing through” and “bouncing back,” as if the ability to absorb endless strain were proof of strength. But endurance and resilience are not the same. Endurance is about surviving pressure. Resilience is about designing systems so people don’t break under it.
Many organizations don’t build resilience; they simply expect employees to endure more. The result is a quiet crisis of exhaustion disguised as dedication. Teams appear committed but are running on fumes. Managers talk about agility, but what they’re really celebrating is overwork that hasn’t yet collapsed.
Endurance feels good at first because it looks like progress. When everyone pulls together — a team works late to meet a deadline, improvises through a product crisis, or takes on more work during a hiring freeze — a manager may call it resilience. But repeat the cycle enough times, and it becomes the culture. People learn that being dependable means being constantly available.
This mistake happens because managers tend to measure effort: They see individuals coping well and assume that the system is strong. But in reality, the more a team relies on heroic effort, the more fragile it becomes. When the same employees keep absorbing stress without support, the organization quietly fuels burnout.
The creative industries offer a vivid example of this trap. Freelancers, artists, and small production teams are often praised for their agility — the ability to pivot, improvise, and stay productive in uncertain conditions. Yet when crises strike, that same independence exposes structural weakness: irregular income, limited access to capital, and a lack of institutional safety nets. What appears to be resilience is often sustained self-exploitation. The lesson for any manager is clear: Flexibility without infrastructure is fragility.
Resilience is not about how long people can keep sprinting. It’s about how intelligently leaders design the course.
Designing for Real Resilience
Managers who want to build resilience need to stop focusing on people’s capacity to recover and start focusing on their organization’s capacity to absorb strain. That means shifting attention from motivation to mechanics — how work is structured, how decisions are made, and how recovery is built in. Here’s what that looks like.
Build recovery into the workflow. Resilience depends on rhythm, not relentlessness. After major launches or deadlines, schedule recovery time before the next sprint begins to send a clear message: Rest is part of performance, not a reward for it. When teams know that the work cycle includes restoration, they can sustain high output without their creativity or trust eroding. Adopt cycles of experimentation followed by deliberate decompression.
Spread strain across the system. In most organizations, a small group carries the load when things get tough — the dependable few who always say yes to the most essential tasks. That pattern is unsustainable. Build redundancy into the system by cross-training roles, rotating responsibilities, and decentralizing authority. The goal isn’t to reduce pressure to zero; it’s to distribute it evenly enough so that no one person becomes the safety net for everyone else.
Creative projects rarely succeed through one star performer; they rely on an ecosystem of editors, producers, and technicians who share the stress. Companies that treat resilience the same way — as a shared responsibility rather than an individual test — recover faster when disruption hits.
Reward prevention, not firefighting. Too many managers equate resilience with recovery, celebrating those who saved the day after the crisis is over. But true resilience shows up before the crisis hits. Observe your team to recognize the people who spot problems early, manage risks quietly, or improve workflows so that breakdowns don’t happen. Crisis prevention doesn’t create dramatic stories, but it builds the calm, predictable environment that allows innovation to thrive.
When leaders redesign their systems around recovery, distribution, and prevention, resilience becomes an organizational advantage rather than a personal endurance test.
Leading With Resilience
Resilient organizations start with managers who model balance. These leaders act in ways that signal to their teams what is truly valued — and whether recovery is allowed. Here’s how they do it.
They model boundaries. When managers work through every weekend or answer emails at midnight, they train their teams to do the same. Visible rest is leadership behavior. If you want sustainable performance, show people it’s safe to pause.
They celebrate foresight. Instead of applauding last-minute heroics, highlight the people who anticipate pressure and respond ahead of time. This reframes resilience from reaction to prevention.
They share control. Centralized decision-making creates bottlenecks and stress. Distributed authority enables teams to adapt quickly without waiting for approval. Employee empowerment is not a soft concept; it’s a structural resilience tool.
Endurance feels heroic in the moment, but it’s a warning sign over time.
They protect slack. Efficiency culture teaches managers to eliminate every gap, but some slack is strategic. A small buffer of time, budget, or head count allows a team to absorb shocks without slipping into crisis mode. The most successful creative organizations understand this instinctively: Orchestras have understudies, studios schedule buffer weeks, and production houses budget contingency funds. Corporate managers should do the same — not because they expect failure but because they design for recovery.
Resilient leadership is less about motivating people to push harder and more about creating conditions in which pushing isn’t always required. Endurance feels heroic in the moment, but it’s a warning sign over time.
A simple guardrail can help you tell the difference. Ask yourself each quarter, “Did our systems protect people, or did people protect the system?” If it’s the latter, your organization is running on endurance, not resilience. That means stress isn’t being absorbed by the system — it’s being transferred downward.
The correction is simple but not easy: Redesign the work so that recovery is routine, not reactive. Build small pauses into big plans. Diversify responsibilities so that crises don’t land on the same few people’s shoulders. Track how long it takes for a team to return to its baseline energy level after major change — and treat that as a performance metric, not an afterthought.
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The strongest teams aren’t those that bounce back the fastest but those that don’t need to bounce as often. Managers who build real resilience create environments where people can recover, share strain, and keep learning. They don’t glorify exhaustion or mistake endurance for loyalty. They understand that resilience is not a personal trait to cultivate — it’s a system to construct.
The best leaders don’t ask people to be tougher. They make toughness less necessary. Because resilience isn’t about how fast people bounce back after they burn out. A resilient system prevents them from burning out in the first place.
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Benjamin Laker (@drbenlaker) is a professor of leadership at Henley Business School at the University of Reading. Yelena Kalyuzhnova is a professor at Henley Business School, where she serves as head of the leadership, organizations, behavior, and reputation department.