While at work this morning, I noticed a paper clip on my desk, next to the computer terminal. And next to it was a much more advanced device, the binder clip. Curious, I visited the Staples website and learned that I can purchase 1,000 #1 paper clips for $5. 59; if I purchase 1,000 “Jumbo” paper clips, the cost would be $9.99. What about binder clips? Lots of options: 24 small metal ($4.89), 12 large metal (3.99), and 100 micro-metal ($5.59) as well as brass-plated variations.

What’s my point? Actually, I have two.

First, I lack the talent, materials, and equipment to make even one of these basic office supplies. Even if I did, why bother?

The second point is that even the relatively simple technologies needed to produce a paperclip or the more challenging binder clip far exceed a human’s in terms of cost-effective production capabilities.

Keep in mind: human beings devised the technologies on which paper clips, binder clips, and other basics depend.

In fact, there would be no artificial intelligence – and no further development of it — without human imagination.

Why fear advanced technologies? Why compete with them on their terms?

Is intelligence a threat? Yes.

To whom?

I agree with Alvin Toffler: “The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn.”

Artificial intelligence cannot do any of that without supervision by human beings.