Here is an article written by Steve Tobak  for CBS MoneyWatch, the CBS Interactive Business Network. To check out an abundance of valuable resources and obtain a free subscription to one or more of the website’s newsletters, please click here.

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(MoneyWatch)  I was just reading about how Barack Obama and George W. Bush are the most polarizing presidents of the past 50 years, meaning they had the largest gap in approval ratings between democrats and republicans.

Some think there’s a chicken and egg aspect to the question of which came first, our divisive leaders or our divided nation, but I think it’s entirely a function of leadership. If Obama and Bush were effective leaders, the nation wouldn’t be so divided.

That’s because, by definition, leadership is about somehow getting people with disparate views to coalesce and execute on goals and plans they would never agree to on their own. Clearly, that’s not happening in Washington and that’s why America’s so divided. Makes sense, right?

Now, it’s tempting to paint all ineffective leaders with the same brush. You can get away with that in politics. Just label the incumbent a big fat loser, vote the bum out of office and call it a day. But when it comes to the corporate world, that’s not entirely practical because, well, it’s often hard to tell the losers from the keepers.

For example, I’ve worked with micromanaging control-freak jerks who were remarkably effective leaders. They united people and accomplished great things. On the flip side, I’ve known good executives who were well liked but, nevertheless, couldn’t get everyone moving in the same direction.

While companies may not have political parties to deal with, polarizing leadership and divisive management are real and entirely common issues that destroy organizational effectiveness and ultimately lead to operating failure in companies big and small.

Since we can’t really solve a problem without identifying it first, here are [three of] seven signs of a dysfunctional company with polarizing leadership:

1. Ivory tower effect. When self-important executives make decisions in a vacuum or otherwise barricade themselves in their expansive corner offices, that creates a nasty cultural divide between management and employees. On the contrary, I knew one executive VP who insisted on sitting in a cubicle with his people. Good man.

2. Warring factions. You hear it all the time: “There’s a natural tension between sales and marketing”; or “Come on, everybody hates HR,” like it’s an inevitable feud between warring factions. That’s bologna. There’s nothing natural or inevitable about it. It’s dysfunctional, it’s divisive and it fosters rivalry instead of alignment.

3. Strategy du jour. When dysfunctional executives consistently overreact to a single data point and take the entire organization in a new direction. Often the result of hallway or ad-hoc meetings in obscure places and making decisions in the absence of those who are actually responsible for that sort of thing.

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Steve Tobak is a consultant and former high-tech senior executive. He’s managing partner of Invisor Consulting, a management consulting and business strategy firm. Contact Steve by clicking here, follow him on Facebook, or connect on LinkedIn.